Electric regulator.



H. BALUSS.

ELECTRIC REGULATOR.

APPLncAnon HLEu Nov.22.1915.

Patented July 2,1918.

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unirsi) sTAens PATENT `oir-Fien.

ELECTRIC REGULATOR.

' Specication of Letters Patent.

Patented July 2, 1918.

Application tiled November 22, 1915. VSerial No. 82,841.

To all whom z't may concern:

Be it known that l, HAMIL'roNBALUss, a citizen of the United States,residing at Kennett Square, in the county ofChester and State ofPennsylvania, have invented certain new and useful Improvements inElectric Regulators, of which the following is a specification.

This invention is a regulator Vfor 'Work systems, such `for instance asthe lighting system of a trolley car, and has for its object to providenew andimproved meansfor maintaining the Work circuit, in the `presentinstance the lamp circuit, normal or substantially normal undervariations of voltage in the supply circuit.

The present invention involves the'use of a plurality of resistors inseries with the work circuit, which resistors are successively cut in orout under successive changes in voltage, and in this connection it isanimportant object of the present invention to provide for dividing theeffect of each resistor as Well as to obtain the full etl'ect of eachresistor and thereby to effect a maximum control with a minimum numberof resistors.

A further object of the invention is to 4provide ttor multiplying thecontrolling effect of the resistors, or in other Words to permitrepeated use ot the resistors for compensatingfor `further changes involtage after each complete use of the successive resisters.

W'ith these and other objects in view, the present invention consists inthe combination and arrangement ot parts. as will be hereinafter morefully described, shown in the drawings, and particularly set forth inthe appended claims,`it being understood that changes in the form,proportion, size and minor details may be made, Within the scope oftheclaims. without departing from the spirit or sacrificing any of theadvantages of the invention.

In the drawings,

Figure l is a diagrammatic view of an electric system, for Ainstance atrolley car lighting system, embodying the regulator ot' the presentinvention. Y

Figi? is a similar view of a modiiication.

Like characters of reference designate eorrespondingr parts in all thefigures ot the drawings.

Referring at first Amore particularly to Fig. Vl of the drawings,"thereference character T designates a conductor, such for instance as atrolley Wire, leading from a source of supply. The conductor'l, such forinstance as a trolley pole, leads from the supply conductor T, and is inturn connected to a conductor 2, which is divided into two branches, onebranch 3 being connected to one winding of an electro-magnet A, theother branch l'being connected to another Winding of the same magnet. Itwill be noted that the windings offthis magnet are reverse to oneanotherJthe purpose of which is to neutralize the eitect of the magneton the armature 5, so that the latter is normally pulled away from themagnet by the spring 6 for a purpose as Willbe hereinafter explained. Aconductor 7 leads from one of the windings of the magnet A to a groundor return 8, for instance a car Wheel, and in this conductor or circuitis included a plurality of magnets B, C, D, E, F and G. The magnets B,C, D, E and F are in series, Whereas only one Winding of the magnet G isin series with said other magnets 'B to F, inclusive. Beyond the magnetG there are included in the circuit 7, the resistors H and I, theresistor H being very high with respect to the resistor l. The circuitor conductor 7 leads from the resistor l to the other Winding of themagnet G, and 'thence to the ground or return 8. From the "foregoingdescription, it will be seen that the Winding A ofthe magnet A, themagnets B, C, D, E and F, the winding G ot' the magnet G, the resistorsH and I, and then the Winding G2 of the magnet G, are all included inseries in the circuit 7. The magnets B to G, inclusive, are providedrespectively With the armatures B. (7', D', D, F and G3, and undernormal conditions the several magnets are energized and the respectivearmatures pulled over by the magnets against the pull of the respectivesprings B2, C2, D2. E2. F2 and G4.

'Leading from the Winding A2 ofthe magnet is a conductor 9 constitutinga supply for the Work circuit, here VVshown as a lamp circuit includingthe lamps l0. ncluded in the return conductor 11 of the lamp eireiiitVis an electro-magnet J in series with the lamp circuit, and from thismagnet J the conductor 11 leads through a series of resistors J3, B8, C,D, E3 and F3, The circuit or conductor 11 joins the circuit or conductor7 at the point X between the resistors H and I, and from the point X thetwo circuits follow a common path through the resistor I, the windingsG2 of the magnet G, and thence to the ground or return 8.

For convenience in understanding the operation of the present system, itwill be noted that the supply circuit is split or divided at the pointY, one branch including the con* ductor 3, the winding A of the magnetA, the conductor ,7, the magnets B, C, l), E and F, the winding G of themagnet G, the resistors H and I, and the winding Gr2 ot the magnet G andthat part of the conductor 7 to the ground or return 8, which circuitwill hereinafter be referred to as the controlling circuit. The otherbranch leading from the point Y includes the conductor 4, the winding A2of the magnet A, the lamp circuit, the magnet J, the conductor 11, thesuccessive resistors J3, B3, C3, D3, E3 and F3, the resistor I, thewinding G2 of the magnet G and that part of the conductor 7 to theground or return 8, which circuit will hereinafter he referred to as thework circuit. It will here be noted that each of these circuits isindependent ofi the other V,to the point X, and from the point X on tothe ground or retu-rn 8 the tWo circuits follow a common path. At thispoint it will be noted that the magnet J is in series with the workcircuit or lamp circuit, while the magnets B to G, inclusive, are inseries with the controlling circuit 7, so that the magnet J iscontrolled by fluctuations in the work circuit or lamp circuit, whilethe magnets B to G, inclusive, are controlled by fluctuations in thecontrolling circuit.

The magnet J is provided with an armature J and a spring J2 opposing theaction of the magnet. A contact J4 is provided for the armature J', andsimilar contacts B4 to F4, inclusive, are provided for the successivemagnets B to F, inclusive. A corresponding contact G5 is provided forthe magnet G. The contact J 4 is included in or connected to theconductor 11 which leathy from the magnet J to the resistor J3. Aconductor 12 leads from the arma-ture J tothe conductor 11 at a pointbetween the resistors J3 and B3, and similar conductors 13, 14, 15, 16and 17 lead from the respective armatures B to F', inclusive, to theconductor 11 at points between the respective adjacent resistors B toFS, inclusive. The contacts B1 to F4, inclusive, Yare included in orconnected to the conductors 12, 13, 1A, 15 and 16. The armatures F andGa are electrically connected by a conductor 18.

Under normal conditions, that part of the electric current which passesto the winding A2 of the magnet A goes to the work circuilP or lampcircuit, thence through the winding;

of the magnet J, thence through the successive resistors J, B3, C2, D3,E, F3 and I, to the winding G2 of the magnet; G, and thence to theground or return 8, whereby the work circuit is properly supplied. Onthe other hand, that part ol the electric current which is supplied tothe winding A of the magnet A passes through the conductor 7, the sucAcessive magnets B, C, D, E and F, the wind ing G of the magnet G, theresistors Il and I, the winding GL' of the magnet G to the re turn 8,whereby the controlling circuit is properly supplied.

By reason of the fact that the windings A and A2 of the magnet A arereverse to one another, they of course neutralize one another.Therefore, the armature 5 is held retracted by the spring 6. Should thework circuit, which includes the lamps 10, burn out or fail, then thewinding A2 of the magnet A would become denergized and consequently thewinding A would pull over the armature 5 against the contact 19 which isincluded in a conductor 20 leading from the conductor 2. The armature 5is included in another circuit 21 which includes lamps 22, so that anyfailure in the main lamp eircuit 9, 10, 11, will automatically cut in#he supplementary lamp circuit 21, 22.

Under normal conditions, all of the resistors are included in theirrespective rircuits and the magnets J and B to G, inclusive, areenergized and pull over their re spective armatures away 'f rom therespecti rf contacts.

Any fall in the supply through the conductor 2 does not affect themagnet A, because it produces an equal change in the windings. A and A2,and consequently the armature 5 remains retracted, but a fall in thesupply will, of course, be felt in the work or lamp circuit, and whenthe fall reaches a predetermined degree, the magnet J will have becomeweakened to such an cXtent that the spring J 2 will overcome the pull ofthe magnet and throw the armature J into engagement with the contact J4, thereby cutting out the resistor J3 because the current will passfrom the magnet J, through the conductor 11, to the contact J4, to thearmature J', to the conductor 12, to the resistor B3, and thence onthrough the work circuit. Having shunted or cut out the resistor J 3,the supply to the Work or lam circuit will jump up in accordance with te resistance cut out and consequently be restored to normal orsubstantiallyV so. It will here be explained that the magnets B to G,inclusive, are actuated by di flerent strengths of current and saidmagnets operate successively from B to G. Such a minimum fall in currentas will weaken the magnet J to the extent that its armature will hepulled over by the sprinc J 2 will not suliiciently weaken the power o?the remaining magnets as to release them,

. elusive. The resistance o f the, resistor'I will be stated at 50, orsubstantilly `equal to the sum of the resistors Ba to F3, inclusive..'lhe resistance of the resistor H isyery large as f compared with thatof the other (resistors,

say for instance, 5 000. They purposeof this resistor is to preventburning out ofthe magnets B to G, inclusive, said resistor beingincluded in series with the magnets and always in thelmagnetcircuit.,;,., y.

In the operation of the system, as vthusfer described, normal conditionsprevailing, one brunch of the currentV \vhiclr spl its ,atqthe point Ypasses through the magnet Acircuitl including the inagnetslB to G,inlclusive,ftlie "Centers H MdL-.the winnsG .Ofi'tli magnet G, un:thence fto the ground or tei minnl 8,. the other, brunch of theworltfcx'rcuit missing Yjurollnd thefindingy Afzof the magnetn, thedanipcircuit 10the ine liet-...1, the conductonl-l leading 4,the etotoresilsirgli` .Tycho resi tors Btolf, 'inclusi,vetp the point-,X u; lerethe wQrltvci-rcuit/Ljolns the magnet1 circuit 1nd f follows the latter,circuit .threugll the .resistrtli bathe-terminal 91 ground I8.l Underlthese Ynormzil conditions, the windings vof,:themaignet Aereneutrgl izedand. the erm'atiir'' is.- iiiit-.afeliei whereas theiiia gilets ,J and Bto inclusive, are ener ized and pulpver, theirumztures or switc ies,whereby` ll oli the resistor ,are in series'with the wor( circuit.,Shonl .the roltageof supply,A circuit ,fell a; predef termined minimum,say for instance, suchl as wouldl be compensatedfor by the. resistanceof the Iresistor Jij?, which has heretofore been assumed as 5, thevoltageof the WlotM'lClilicuit will huveb'een reduced tosuclranegitentthat, i he in agnet J., which is'inyserie's wIi'ththe work. circuit,lets go the 1switch lor armeture JV', thereby'cuttingout the resistor,yyliereliymthe voltugeof wor ,oilcuitVWgl'lgpJ turnto.ubstlintially itsnorn'llal Icondltil'l, notwithstalnding fa l nyqiltlgi llithe sul) llx'circuit., lll/'hilo t 1,9, inugnietJ isnegk.- one .liy/fhclfull inroltagqthis relat'iyely slight. ,fall jji'iygvolta'ge doesgitlduce rthestrength ofthe mugnets'to Gg, ln'olnsiye, sufficieittly tolet gd avnyfAltheir alf ai'tlll."r p r Switches and @.Qneqsrtli'slf the@ er resistorsremain ,in :t reir normal condition. Shoirldia further :talll in,volltgg'e occurinthe work circuiti., srry` for instance,I ak 4fallaci,1.0, which is.,sucli Aus wouldbeconp'e'ns led for by the resistmce of'4the resistor B, t ich the strength 'of' the magnet B Will be so reducedthetit will let o of the switch or armature Bpwthereby. cut ing out theresistorBs. By thusgcuttingout the resistors ,J8 and Bfe rcsistnce equalto 15 has been cut out the worlccircuit, but as the yfell in the supplycircuit hs been only such as would `be corrected for by 10, the voltagein the work circuit will jump up 5, thereby increasing the strengthofthe magnet Jsutficientlyto pull over the switch or urnniture JY, and`cutting in the resistor J 3, wherebyonly the resistor B3 will be cutout,which will take cere of the drop of .10 in the supply circuit. A furtherdrop of 5 in the supply circuitmz}king :L total drop ,of l5, will cutout theresistor J 3, `as hereinbeiore described. As the4 resistors J andB3 are now cutdout, thedropi of 15 will be properly taken care Should u'Afurthelxdrop of v5 occur, making u total drop `of 20, theinagnet Cwill become weukcned suliiciently to let go its switch or urineture C',thereby cutting out the resistor C3, so that the three resistors J 3, Band C3 will now be cut outnialling a, total resistance of 25 which hasbeen cut out, but as there has been a drop of only 20, the work circuitwill jump up l,5, which will increase the strength of the magnet Jsulliciently to pull over the armature J and cut in the resistor J3,which reduces the resistance cnt out to the resistors B3 and C, whichare equal to 20, and consequently take care of the drop of 2O in thework circuit.

Further successive drops in voltage uretaken care of by the successiveresistors D, E3 and F3.

l, Then there has, been such u drop in rolt agees requiresthe cuttingout of the rcsistorsf Eand B3 to F3. inclusive. any turther drop in thevoltage will weaken the magnet which will then let go the switch orarmature G, which cuts out the resistor I, whose `velue is 50 und equalto the sum ofthe resistors Bi to F3, inclusive. r[he cutting, out of theresistor l takes out of the circuit n much greater resist-(nice thun isnecesseryto take Careof the full in voltage, and consequently thevoltage of both the controlling circuit and the work circuit will jumpup, resulting in such :1 strengthen ing 4o f,the magnets l :md B to l".inclusi-ve. as to pull over their respective arnnilures or switches,thus cutting into the awork circuit thdresistors J3 :1nd ,B3 to F3.inclusive. Any further drop in the voltage ot the sunpily circuit WillbeI taken care of. first. ln,- cutting` out the resistor Ji. then bycutting out the resistor' B3, and sinon throughout the series ofresistors. as hercinbefore dcscribed. l

When the winding G2 of the muguet, (l. :is Well as the resistor I. luisbeen cutout. ns herein efgre described. only winding ti of the magnet Gis thereafter energized, and

as the winding G' is such that the strength of the magnet is not enoughto overcome the spring G", the leg G2 and the resistor I will remain cutout under a predetermined low voltage in the supply circuit, andconsequently the successive resistors J and I3 to F3 will be controlledby the magnets .I and B to F. inclusive, as hereinbeforc d scribed,without interference by the magnet G.

After a fall in voltage has taken place and then the voltage tends lorise toward normal, the action of the apparatus is exactly reverse tothat just described. When the voltage tends to .rise toward normal, themagnets F to B cut in their respectiw` resistors. When their totalresistance is no longer sufficient to correct for the rise in voltage,the magnet G attracts thc armature G3 and cuts in the resistor I, thusintroduc ing a much greater resistance than is necessary to take care ofthe rise in voltage. This operation of magnet G is due to the fact thatwindings Gr1 and G2 are so proportioned to each other than when the armature is released and cuts out the resistor l and the winding G2. theresultant increase oi current in the winding G1 all butA compensates forthe cutting out of the winding G2. In fact it has been found desirableto so proportion windings G1 and G2 that when the current falls eversoslightly below an arbitrary strength that armature G3 is released andwhen it rises again ever so slightly above the same point.` thatarmature G3 is again attracted.

From the foregoing description. it will be understood that after theresistors Bi3 to F3, inclusive, have been employed to take care ofchanges in voltage. they may again be employed for the same purpose bycutting out the resistor I, so that a wide range of control may beeffected b v :1 relatively few resistors. While five resistors B3 to F,inclusive, have been shown, it is quite apparent that a greater or lessnumber of resistors may be employed. depending entirely upon theconditions to be taken care of.

In the arrangement shown in Fig. 1 of the drawing, the resistors Bd toF3, inclusive, may be twice employed. but further repeated uses of saidresistors may be obtained in the manner illustrated in Fig. Q of thedrawing, which differs from Fig. l of the drawing, merely in theaddition of two resistor sections and their respective controllingmagnets or devices corresponding precisely to the resistor I and itsmagnet or controlling device G. According to this arrangement, where theconductor 'T leaves the winding G. instead of passing directhY to theresistor H, it passes to the winding K of n magnet. K similar to themagnet G: thence to the winding L of the magnet L. similar to the magnetG, and then to the resistor H.

From the winding G2 of the magnet G, a conductor 33 leads to a resistorKG, corresponding to the resistor I. From the resistor K6, a conductor24 leads to the winding K2 of the magnet K, and from this winding aconductor 25 leads to a resistor L", corresponding to the resistor I,and this resistor L is connected with the winding L2 of the magnet L.'from which the conductor 7 connects with the ground or return 8. Fromthe conductor 2?, a branch 23 extends to the armature K3 of the magnetK. A spring K is provided for the armature K3, and for the latter thereis provided a contact K5 included in the conductor 25. From theconductor Q5 :1 branch 25 leads to the armaA ture L9, which is providedwith a spring L. A Contact L5 is provided for the armature L, and fromthis contact Lz5 thc conductor 7 leads to the ground or terminal 8.W'hile only two additional resistors have been shown in Fig. 2. it isquite apparent that any number of resistors may be employed withoutrequiring any changes whatsoever in the invention.

The operation of the arrangement shown in Fig. 2 is precisely the sameas described for Fig. l, inasmuch as the resistors Bs to F will besuccessively cut out, after which a further fall in voltage will resultin the cutting out of the resistor I and the returning of the resistorsBs to F, inclusive, to the work circuit. After a second cutting out ofthe resistors Bs to F, inclusive, a further fall in voltage will resultin the cutting out ot the resistor K, which resistor will have thearbitrary value of about 100 so as to equal the sum of the resistors Bsto F3, inclusive. and the resistor I, whereby said resistors B'i to Fiinclusive, and I, will be re stored to the work circuit, and repeateduse thereof may be obtained. A similar Operation occurs when the fall ofvoltage is such as to cut out the resistor L", which will have thearbitrary value of 200.

While I have described the invention as taking care of falls in voltagefrom some predetermined high voltage, it is quite apparent that the sameapparatus may be employed for taking care of rises in voltage from somepredetermined standard of voltage, merely by having all of the armaturesor switches normally held over against their respective contacts,thereby maintainin all of the resistors, with the exception o theresistor I-l, cut out of the circuit. Under these conditions. rises involtage will successively strengthen the magnets, and therebysuccessively pull the armatures or switches away from their contacts,and thus cut into the circuit the respective resistors. In other words,if the device is to take care of falls in voltage, the relays or magnetsare arranged to normally attract the armatures or switches, while totake care of rises in v`sister 1n volte e themmagjnets `or releys arel:irren ed to Vlieve the lerinetures or svvitpiz'h'es pul ed overagainst their respective c oritaktgi respective springs und no'further'change whatsoever is necessary in the; ap sretils. It will therefore beunderstcodithettweseine 11p Metre 1S( @webb Of'teks we 0f falls involtagevby adjusting, thek releys as deand ,may be empio 'ed to'takecereA of rises in voltage'by en 'ot er adjustment of the relays.l

HriviI ,thusdescribed the invention, whet isle'm'e: its/:I+4

l.q Innen electric system, the combination o fla su lly circuiti', u.vorlr c ircuit,`e' plu,- rlity 'o resistors 1n lsericis with 'theVvvork @lieviti levees ,for Cutti 11111111@ Outfthefe' spectiveresistors'jby, changes in the voltage 0f4 the Supply 'Cireuit 'erltvlruek rel theuorkjiruit and. means Nispeni jcircuit conditions' forcutting into or out 'of theA work circuit seid relatively wea'lr,resistfiif,

2f, nis'letfe System the Cembmter of asu p circuit, a WorkL circuit, :tplurality of iesistorsin series with the Werl; circuit, menus or cuttinginendout .the rcspectiye' resistors ,by changes in'l the 'voltege of the'supp y' circuit, en additional resistor ische Wert Cirut in and l tsind,I last narnegl resistor by cliengso ,current in the Workcircurt,

3 In' nlletlie System, t ,eeebieeten effe; Simili erut ,21, vor? irlult,a, r1,- relity l Qt restless-11,Sesisspvth the, Work @mit@esistere-@121s 1,1.1j and, mit the resp@ tive.. restless. by' Cheese11.11 the ,veltageefthe .SULRRIY citent ssd, Dieses ,resemr Sue-teWw-lig WG111? Cee'dieses .fer-altering t resistance hither-e1? Greut- 4-Irrju electriesysteinrthe ombinetiee Gtia'. Supply. 'Cite-.uit 1'1 'vertCircuit, 11 P111- reliu .'Qf; essere 11.1 ,ses web ,the werk @treuercette .fer 12u-.ums 111\=1,11 1-.011l11tl11e sp'ctlve resistors bychanges inuthevoltage of, theI suply `circuit, an adcltrcnsfl Iresistorin'tlieworf circuit, and Ineens ectuetel, the,virorlr'circuikl for4cutting iut-o cr'put thegsvpiflii, circuit said ,additional resistor.

"5. Irren el' cltric system, the cclrubineticn 0f. 111 S'eprrilrfeiit.,.11k w" rk, Circuit, e. P111.- rality,of.resitors 1n serres Wit EtheWorkI circuit, ineens ,for cuttingv 'n and out` the resp-scure, venstersby siv'ef to Wer,

j C.'.i1s@S;1.1,the-v01`t age ofy the supply, circuit, an additionpilresistogin the wio'rliA circuit endmeens, in clud .nseries with the Workcircuit for cirttin'ghto orout ofthe Work circuit seid additionalresistor,

6., In an electric system, the combinetion of e supply circuit, e` Workcrcuitha, plurelity. oiinai'njresistcrs in series w1th,the workcircuit,'et reletiyelv Week resistor also inseries with the 4Work circuit, atshunt circuit for .each resistor, means in the supply and ineens forcutting'v byl circuitend responsive to supply circuit con (litionsfo'r'controlling the shunt circuits of the, mein resistors, Aund meansinthe Work circuitand responsive to work circuit conditions forcontrolling the shunt circuit of the. relatively vvealr resistor.

7. In an electricl system. the combination of :i supply circuit, u workcircuit, a series of main resistors in the u'orl; circuit, e relutivelyweek resistor also in the Work circuit, u shunt circuit for euchresistor, u switch for eaclrshunt circuit.1 u series of magnets for thesivitches of the respective main rcsistois, said megnetsfbeing includedin thevsupply circuit and responsive to chzinges in the supply circuitandi einagnet Ator the switch of thelshiintcircuit ofthe relativelyweakresistor.

8. ln :tu electric system, the combination of e supply circuit, n workcircuit, n series oflmein resistors in the work circuit, n rela4 tivelyweek resistor also in the work circuit, u shunt circuit for euchresistor, u switch for cach shunt circuit, :l series ot' magnets forltheswitches otthc respective main4 rcsistors, said magnets being` includedin the supply circuit, :ind responsive to changes in tlviesupplycircuit, and :i muguet lor the switch ,of the shunt circuit of therelatively vvenlr resistor, the strength of the nnigncts increusingfromthe magnet ot' the relatively wezik resistor progressively throughoutthe series ofnie nets forthc main resistors.

9. In an e ectric system, the combination of :t supply circuit, n workcircuit, nl plura'lity of resistors in series with the work cir cuit,means for successively cutting in or out the respective resistorshysuccessivc changes in the voltegeof the supply circuit, ,and ineensactuated by further change of voltage when allot the resistors have beencut in or out toV restore seid resistors to their for mer condition andto',],iermit repented successive cuttinof .in or out thereof by furtherchange inn-'filings in the supply circuit.

lx),V In anele'ct'ric system, they combination olf e supply circuit, :iwork circuit, n plurelitylof `resistors in' series vvith the work circuit, means for successively cutting in or out the respective resistorsby successive changes in, thel voltege of the supply circuit, ineensz-,ctuetd by further cliengeof voltnge when all theresistcrs have beencut in or out to restore seid"resistors to their former condition and tolpermit repeated successive cutting in or outI thercof'by further changein voltage in thefsupply circuit, and means responsive to livorklcircuitconditions for reducing any excessive eli'cct'of cutting in or out an i|resistor.

11.* n en electric system, the combination offs` supply` circuit, e Workcircuit, a plu'- rality` of resistors in series with the work circuit,means forV successively cutting in or out the respective resistors bysuccessive changes in the voltage of the supply circuit, a supplementalresistor in series with the work circuit and approximately equal to thesum of the series of resistors, and means to cut in or out thesupplemental resistor under a further change in ivoltage When the seriesof resistors has been cut in or out, thereby to restore the series ofresistors to their previous condition and permit successive cutting inor out thereof under further changes in voltage.

12. In an electric system, the combination of a supply circuit, a Workcircuit, a plurality of resistors in series With the work cir cuit,means for successively cutting in or out the respective resistors bysuccessive changes in the voltage of the supply circuit, a supplementalresistor in series with the Work circuit and substantially equal to thesum of the series of resistors, a shunt circuit for the supplementalresistor, a switch for the shunt circuit, a magnet for the switch topermit cuttin in or out of the supplemental re sistor y a further changein voltage when the series of resistors have been cut in or out.

13. In an electric system, the combination of a supply circuit, a workcircuit, a plurality of resistors in series with the work circuit, meansfor successively cutting in or out the respective resistors bysuccessive changes in the voltage of the supply circuit, a supplemental`resistor in series with the work ,circuit and substantially equal to thesum of the series of resistors, a shunt circuit for said supplementalresistor including a switch, and a magnet having two windings for theswitch, one winding of the magnet being in shunt with the supplycircuit, and one winding of the magnet being in series With the workcircuit, said magnet being responsive to further changes in voltage tocut in or out the supplemental resistor when the series of resistors hasbeen cut in or out.

14. In an electric system, the combination of a supply circuit, a workcircuit, a plurality of resistors in series With the work circuit, meansfor successively cutting in or out the respective resistors bysuccessive changes in the voltage of the supply circuit, a firstsupplemental resistor in series with the work circuit and substantiallyequal to the sum of the series of resistors, means to cut in or out thefirst supplemental resistor under a further change in voltage when theseries of resistors has been cut in or out, thereby to -'restore theseries of resistors to their previous condition and permit furthersuccessive cutting in or out thereof under further changes in voltage, asecond supplemental resistor in series with the Work circuit andsubstantially equal to the sum of the series of resistors plus the firstsupple.- mental resistor, and means to cut in or out the secondsupplemental resistor under a still further change of voltage when theseries of resistors plus the first sup lemental resistor has been cut inorout t ereby to restore the series of resistors plus the firstsupplemental resistor to their previous condition and permit successivecutting in or out thereof under further changes of voltage.

15. In -a system of voltage regulation, the combination With a supplycircuit and a translatingcircuit, of a plurality of resistors in serieswith the translating circuit, a coil reponsive to variations in currentin said translating circuit forr controlling at least one of saidresistors, a plurality of successively acting coils responsive to thevoltage of said supply circuit for controlling others-of said resistors.

16. In a system of volta e regulation, the combination with a supp ycircuit and a translating circuit, of a plurality of resistors in serieswith the translating circuit, some of the resistors being ofsubstantially the same resistance, and one of the resistors being of aless resistance, a coil responsive to variations in current in saidtranslating circuit for controlling the resistor of less resistance, anda plurality of successively acting coils responsive to the voltage ofsaid supply circuit for controlling the other resistors.

17. In a system of voltage regulation, the combination with a supplycircuit and a translatin circuit, of a plurality of 'resistors in seriesYWith the translating circuit, a coil responsive to variations incurrent in said translating circuit for controlling at least one of saidresistors, a plurality of successively acting coils responsive to thevoltage ofsaid supply circuit for controllin others of said resistors,and means actuate by further change of voltage When all of the resistorshave been cut in or ou't to restore said resistors to their formercondition and to permit repeated successive cutting in or out by furtherchange in voltage in the supply circuit.

18. In a system of volta e regulation, the combination with a supp ycircuit and a translating circuit, `of a plurality of resistors inseries with the translating circuit, a coil responsive to variations incurrent in 115 said translating circuit for controlling at least one ofsaid resistors, a plurality of successively acting coils responsive tothe voltage of said supply circuit for controlling others of saidresistors, and means actuated by 12o further change of voltage When allof the resistors have been cut in or out to repeatedl restore saidresistors to their former condition and to permit repeated successivecutting in or out thereof by further change in 125 voltage in the supplycircuit.

19. In an electric system, the combination of a supply circuit, a workcircuit, compen-` sating means responsive to changes in voltage in thesupply circuit, and additional 130 means responsive to further changesinvoltage in the supply circuit when the compensating means has reachedits maximum to restore the compensating means for its former conditionto permit repeated action of the compensating means by further change involtage in the supply circuit.

20. In an electric system, the combination of a supply circuit, a Workcircuit, compensating means responsive to changes in voltage in thesupply circuit, and additional means responsive to circuit conditions inone or both of the circuits when the compensating means has reached itsmaximum to restore the compensating means to its former condition topermit repeated action of the compensating means by further change involtage in the supply circuit.

21. In an electric system, the combination of a supply circuit, a Workcircuit, regulating means for the Work circuit, said regulating meansbeing responsive to the electric conditions in one of said circuits, andadditional means responsive to electric conditions in the Work circuitfor extending the range of the regulating means.

In an electric system, the combination of a supply circuit, a Workcircuit, regulating means for the work circuit, said regulating meansbeing responsive to the electric conditions in one of said circuits, andadditional means responsive to electric conditions in one or both of thecircuits for extending the range of the regulating means.

E23. In an electric system, the combination of a supply circuit, a Workcircuit, regulating means for the Work circuit, said regulating meansbeing responsive to the electric conditions in one of said circuits andcapable of coarse regulation, and additional means responsive toelectric conditions in the Work circuit and cooperating with saidregulating means to secure finer regulation than can be secured by thelirst mentioned regulating means alone.

24. In an electric system, the combination of a supply circuit, a Workcircuit, a plurality of regulating means for the Work circuit andcontrolled by the supply circuit, and additional means responsive toWork circuit conditions for regulating the Work circuit alternately Witheach regulation of the plurality of regulating means.

In testimony whereof I aflix my signature in presence of two Witnesses.

HAMILTON BALUSS. Witnesses:

WfR. MONTGOMERY, J. J. NILAN.

Gopes of this patent may be obtained for ve cents each, by addressingthe Commissioner of Patents, Washington, D. C.

